< go to References A-Z

< go to Illustration Species lists: Fish  Amphibians  Reptiles  Birds  Mammals

< go to Illustration Topics list:  Classifications  Energy  General  Anatomy  Motor  Digesta  Enzymes  Micobial  Secretion  Neurohumerol  Evolution

< go to CD: 1.Introduction  2.Classifications  3.Energy  4.General  5.Anatomy  6.Motor  7.Digesta  8.Enzymes  9.Micobial  10.Secretion  11.Neuroendocrine  12.Evolution

line

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF VERTEBRATES

REFERENCES: V


Vallenas, A. P., Cummings, J. F., and Munnell, J. F. 1971.  A gross study of the compartmentalized stomach of two New-World camelids, the llama and guanaco. J. Morphol. 134: 399-423.

Vallenas, A. P., and Stevens, C. E. 1971a. Volatile fatty acid concentrations and pH of llama and quanaco forestomach digesta. Cornell Vet. 61: 239-252.

Vallenas, A. P., and Stevens, C. E. 1971b. Motility of the llama and guanaco stomach.  Am. J. Physiol. 220: 275-282.

van Hoven, W, and Boomker, E. A. 1981. Feed utilization and digestion in the black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), Zimmerman, 1780) in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park.  S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 11: 35-40.

van Hoven, W., Prins, R. A., and Lankhorst, A. 1981. Fermentative digestion in the African elephant.  S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 11: 78-86.

Van Lennep, E. W., and Lanzing, W. J. R. 1967.  The ultrastructure of glandular cells in the external dendritic organ of some marine catfish. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 18: 333-344.

Van Valen, L., and Sloan, R. E.  1966. The extinction of the multituberculates. System. Zool. 15: 261-278.

Van Soest, P. J. 1982.  Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Corvallis: O & B Books, Inc.

Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Ithaca: New York, Cornell University Press.

van Weel, P. B. 1974.  "Hepatopancreas"? Comp. Biochem. Physiol A 47: 1-9.

Vaughn, T. A. 1986. Mammology. New York: W. B. Saunders Co.

Vercellotti, J. R., Salyers, A. A., and Wilkins, T. D. 1978. Complex carbohydrate breakdown in the human colon.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31:  S86-S89.

Vigna, S. R. 1979.  Distinction between cholecystokinin-like and gastrin-like biological activities extracted from gastrointestinal tissues of some lower vertebrates. Gen. Comp. Endocr. 39: 512-520.

Vigna, S. R. 1983. Evolution of endocrine regulation of gastrointestinal function in lower vertebrates. Amer. Zool. 23: 729-738.

Vigna, S. R. 1986. Functional evolution of gastrointestinal hormones. In Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fishes. ed. R.E. Foreman, A, Gorbman, J. M. Dodd and R. Olsson. pp 401-412. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp.

Vigna, S. R., and Gorbman, A. 1977.  Effects of cholecystokinin, gastrin, and related peptides on coho salmon gallbladder contraction in vitro.  Am. J. Physiol. 232:  E485-E491.

Vonk, H. J., and Western, J. R. H. 1984.  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology of Enzymatic Digestion.  New York: Academic Press.