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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF VERTEBRATES

REFERENCES: C


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Cannon, W. B. 1902.  The movements of the intestines studied by means of roentgen rays. Am. J. Physiol. 6: 251-277.

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Chang, E. B. and Rao, M. C. 1994 Intestinal water and electrolyte transport: Mechanisms of physiological and adaptive processes. In Physiology of the gastrointestinal Tract. 3rd ed., Vol. 2, ed. L. R. Johnson, D. H. Alpers, J. Christensen, E. D. Jacobson and J. H. Walsh. pp. 2027-2082. New York: Raven Press. 

Chapman, R. E., and Brett-Surman, M. K. 1990. Morphometric observations on hadrosaurid ornithopods. In Dinosaur Systematics, ed. K. Carpenter and C. J. Currie. New York, Cambridge University Press.

Chien, W-J., and Stevens, C. E. 1972. Coupled active transport of Na and Cl across forestomach epithelium.  Am. J. Physiol. 223: 997-1003.

Chilcott, M. J., and Hume, I. D. 1985.  Coprophagy and selective retention of fluid digesta: Their role in the nutrition of the common ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus. Aust. J. Zool. 33: 1-15.

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Clemens, E. T., and Maloiy, G. M. O. 1982.  The digestive physiology of three East African herbivores: the elephant, rhinoceros and hippopotamus. J. Zool. 198: 141-156.

Clemens, E. T., and Stevens, C. E. 1979.  Sites of organic acid production and patterns of digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of the raccoon. J. Nutr. 109: 1110-1116.

Clemens, E. T. and Stevens, C. E. 1980. A comparison of gastrointestinal transit time in ten species of mammal. J. Agric. Sci. 94: 735-737. 

Clemens, E. T., Stevens, C. E., and Southworth, M. 1975a.  Sites of organic acid production and patterns of digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of swine.  J. Nutr. 105: 759-768.

Clemens, E. T., Stevens, C. E., and Southworth, M. 1975b.  Sites of organic acid production and pattern of digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of geese.  J. Nutr. 105: 1341-1350.

Clements, K. D. 1991. Endosymbiotic communities of two herbivorous labroid fishes, Odax cyanomelas and O. pullus. Mar. Biol. 109: 223-229.

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Clements. K. D., Gleeson, V. P., and Slaytor, M. 1994. Short-chain fatty acid metabolism in temperate marine herbivorous fish. J. Comp. Physiol. B: 164: 372-377.

Clinton, S. K., Bostwick, D. C., Olson, L. M., Manglan, H. J., and Visek, W. J. 1988. Effects of ammonium acetate and sodium cholate on N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosguanidine- induced colon carcinogenesis of rats. Cancer Research 48: 3035-3039.

Coe, M. J., Dilcher, D. L., Farlow, J. O., Jarzen, D. M., and Russell, D. A. 1985. Dinosaurs and land plants. In The Origins of Angiosperms and their Biological Consequences, ed. E. M. Friss, W. B. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Colbert, E. H. 1962. The weights of dinosaurs. Amer. Mus. Novit. 2067: 1-16.

Cook, D. I., Van Lennep, E. W., Roberts, M. L., and Young, J. A. 1994. Secretion by the major salivary glands. In Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. 3rd ed., Vol. 2, ed. L. R. Johnson, D. H. Alpers, J. Christensen, E. D. Jacobson and J. H. Walsh. pp. 1473-1498. New York: Raven Press.

Corbet, P.  S. 1960.  The food of a sample of crocodiles (Crocodilus niloticus L.) from Lake Victoria.  Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.  133:  561-572.

Cork, S. J., and Hume, I. D. 1983.  Microbial digestion in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, Marsupialia), an aboreal folivore. J. Comp. Physiol.B. 152: 131-135.

Cork, S. J, Hume, I. D., and Faichney, G. J.  1999. Digestive strategies of nonruminant herbivores: The role of the hindgut.  In Nutritional Ecology of Herbivores Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on the Nutrition of herbivores. ed. H-J. G. Jung and G. C. Fahey. pp. 210-260.Savoy Illinois: American Society of Animal Science.  

Cork, S. J., and Warner, A. C. I. 1983. The passage of digesta markers through the gut of a folivorous marsupial, the koala Phascolarctos cinereus. J. Comp. Physiol. B.  152: 43-51.

Cornelius, C., Dandrifosse, G., and Jeuniaux, C. 1975.  Biosynthesis of chitinases by mammals of the order Carnivora. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 3: 121-122.

Coulson, R. A. Coulson, T. D. and Herbert, J. D. 1990. How do digestion and assimilation rates in alligators vary with temperature? Comp. Biochem. Physiol.  96A: 441-449.

Court, N., and Mahboubi, M. 1993. Reassessment of lower Eocene Seggeurius amourensis: aspects of primitive dental morphology in the mammalian order hyracoidea. J.Paleontol. 67: 889-893.

Crompton, A. W. 1980.  Biology of the earliest mammals.  In Comparative Physiology: Primitive Mammals,  ed. K. Schmidt-Nielsen, L. Bolis, C. R. Taylor, P. T.Bentley, and C. E. Stevens.  pp. 1-12. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Crompton, A. W., and Parker, P. 1978.  Evolution of the mammalian masticatory apparatus.  Am. Sci. 66: 192-201.

Currie, P. J. 1997. Gastroliths. In Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, ed. Currie, P. J., and  Padian, K. New York: Academic Press.