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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF VERTEBRATES

MAMMALS: Dog, domestic

Dog (photo by Biomedical Communication Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, N. C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27606)



Dog (Canis familiaris) digestive tract (Stevens & Hume 1995)



Figure 2.1.  Relationship between mass-specific metabolic rate (ml O₂/g^.h) or metabolic intensity and log of body mass for eutherian mammals ranging from 6 g shrews to 1,300-kg elephants. Note the inverse relationship between mass-specific metabolic rate and body mass. (From Schmidt-Nielsen 1984).  (CD Figure 3.1)



Figure 4.10.  The large intestine of the dog.  (Modified from de Lahunta and Habel 1986.)  (CD Figure 5.10)



Figure 6.1.  Percentage of digesta fluid and particulate markers (+/- SE) recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of the dog at various times following their oral administration during feeding.  Fluid markers consisted of PEG or 51Cr-EDTA.  Plastic markers consisted of polyethylene tubing with an outside diameter of 2 mm, cut into lengths of 2 mm.  S = stomach; SI = small intestine; C = colon; Fe = feces.  Particles were selectively retained by the stomach and the large intestine.  (Modified from Banta et al. 1979.)  (CD Figure 7.1a)


Table 7.3.  (CD Table 8.3)



Table 7.5a.  (CD Table 8.6a)

All data on adult specimens are expressed in µmoles substrate/minute per gram (wet weight) of mucosa.  (modified from Vonk and Western 1984)


Table 7.7.  (CD Table 8.10)

Enzyme activities expressed as the equivalent amount of bovine trypsin (casein or BAEE) or chymotrypsin (BTEE) under the same conditions. *A: 200-1,200 g RNase per gram pancreatic tissue; B: 20-100 g per gram pancreatic tissue; C: 0-20 µg RNase per gram pancreatic tissue. (from Vonk and Western 1984)


Table 7.8.  (CD Table 8.11)

0, no absorption or transfer; + to +++, degrees of absorption or transfer. (from Brambell 1970)



Figure 8.6. Concentrations of VFA (SCFA) along the gastrointestinal tracts of mammalian carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores. Animals were fed a at 12 hour intervals.  Each value represents the mean (+/- SE) of 12 samples, consisting of three samples collected at two, four, eight, and 12 hours after a meal, from the oral (S1) and aboral (S2) segments of the stomach, three equal-length segments of the small intestine (SI1, SI2, SI3), the cecum (Ce), and two or three equal-length segments of the colon (C1, C2, C3).  (Modified from Argenzio et al. 1974; Clemens et al. 1975a; Clemens and Stevens 1979; Clemens 1980.)  (CD Figure 9.6)


Table 8.7a.  (CD Table 9.7a)

* Absorption from cecum (or ceca) alone.
Dashes indicate absence of information. Contributions of SCFA to maintenance energy were estimated from the rate of SCFA production by in vitro isotope dilution or measurements of digesta flow. Total maintenance energy was either calculated as twice the BMR or assumed to be equivalent to ad libitum digestible energy intake in captive, nonreproducing, and adult animals. (From Stevens and Hume 1995.)




Figure 9.4a.  Mean (+/- SE) values for digesta pH in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs 2 hours (closed triangle), 4 hours (open circle), 8 hours (x), and 12 hours (closed circle) after a meal. The segments of the tract are the cranial (S1) and caudal (S2) halves of the stomach, equal succeeding segments of small intestine (SI1,SI2, SI3), the cecum (Ce), and equal lengths of succeeding segments of colon (C1, C2). (From Banta et al, 1979)  (CD Figure 10.4a)



Figure 9.8. Electrolyte transport across the acinar cells of the parotid salivary glands of humans, dogs, cats, and rats. (Modified from Cook, Van Lennep, Roberts, and Young 1994.)  (CD Figure 10.8)